On 15 October Chairman Ambrose Barber
and Duncan Simpson hosted a visit to the Royal Air Force Club in its
beautifully appointed building at 128 Piccadilly. The day, for the
twenty lucky Members who came, started with a talk in the "Hodges Room"
by Wing Commander Mike Gilbert, author of the definitive history of the
club.
Lord Cowdray, Britain's
first Air Minister whose son had been killed in the RFC during WWI,
suggested forming a club for RAF officers and generously offered to buy
the £100,000 leasehold of a 128 Piccadilly, give it to the
RAF Club and pay for its refurbishment; but in the end the bill came to
£350,000. Built in the 1880s on the site of the Running Horse pub to
house the Gillows Club (Waring and Gillows was an important London
furnishings store), 128 Piccadilly became the Lyceum ladies' club
before it was bought by Lord Cowdray in 1920. The RAF Club opened in
1922.
Royal Air
Force Club Visit
Between the wars the RAF shrank from being the world's
biggest air
force to one of the smallest so seriously reducing the number of
potential member officers. The problem was exacerbated because most
officers were serving overseas in Egypt, India and Iraq with only a few
in the UK. The Club was also for gentlemen only; no ladies or families
were permitted to enter thus reducing its attractiveness. The Committee
consisted of stuffy 'clubable' types who were quite satisfied with the
status quo so the Club was not appealing to the younger, married,
officers. In the 1920s no paintings graced the walls but there were
plenty of hunting trophies further reinforcing the old fashioned
atmosphere. Eventually ladies were allowed in some parts of the Club,
but they were not allowed to enter by the front door; round the back
was a sign over a door saying "Dogs, Luggage & Ladies."!
Consequently between the wars, and especially during the
Great
Depression, the existence of the Club was precariously hand-to-mouth .
The expansion of the RAF in 1936 did little to help but the war
transformed the situation; the Club was packed. However, in the
pervading wartime atmosphere there was little maintenance or
development. The post-war feeling of optimism brought new members; in
fact numbers were capped to match the capacity of the dining room.
Members were mainly from the General Duties (flying) branch, others
were rationed.
However, by
the 1950s the Club was no longer
thriving, being out of tune with potential members because the
Committee was filled with old, high ranking MoD types; younger officers
were not represented. Both the RAF and society as a whole were changing
with respect to equality of women. This was recognised in the Service
but not in the Club, women remaining unwelcome right through the '50s
hence the Club was of no interest to young, married officers. The
Committee felt they could not change things without the approval of the
Annual General Meeting, but who attended the AGM? More high ranking,
conservative types! The Club was within four years of bankruptcy and
the Committee's solution was to look for a developer who would buy and
demolish the building (this was the Philistine late '50s, remember)
making one floor available to the Club, and then put the membership
fees up.
At this point two
senior officers, Neil Cameron and Bob
Hodges ( later Marshal of the Royal Air Force and Air Chief Marshal
respectively), decided that something had to be done to save the Club
and instituted a 'colonels' revolt'. They successfully canvassed all
the Air Officers Commanding (AOCs) saying the Service must take control
and make the Club relevant. The Club agreed to hand over the
Chairmanship to Cameron who set up a steering group to put the Club
back on its feet. They revolutionised the finances where half a day's
pay was deducted at source from all who joined. Senior officers were
urged to join who then might 'suggest' to the more junior that it would
be a good career move to join too. It was also decided to build up a
collection of aviation paintings of value. By the end of the 1960s 90%
of serving officers were members and all restrictions regarding women
had been removed. Unlike most London clubs the freehold of the building
is now owned by the Club, a registered charity, half the cost coming
from RAF central funds. This puts the Club in a good position in spite
of the continuing reduction in size of the RAF. The Club is now
'family-friendly' and runs a large social calendar.
In
conclusion Mike Gilbert thanked the Hawker Association for all the
effort that had gone into the Camm bust and hoped that those present
would enjoy their tour of the building.
Duncan Simpson then
said a few words about the origin of the Camm bust project. He had
suggested to Geoff Claridge, the Club Chairman, that it would be a good
idea to get a bronze bust of Sir Sydney next to that of RJ Mitchell,
who was already there together with Roy Chadwick, Barnes Wallis and
Frank Whittle. Claridge agreed and Duncan took the idea to the
Association committee. Chris Farara proposed that Ambrose Barber be put
forward as the sculptor and two years later the bust by Ambrose was in
place together with the information panel compiled by Chris. The
Hurricane painting over the bust was added later.
In two groups,
led by Duncan and Ambrose, the party was taken on a tour of the
building to see part of the huge collection of aviation paintings, the
heraldic squadron badges numbering several hundred, the new stained
glass window, and the Camm bust, the principal object of the visit. The
window depicts a number of aircraft and events from RAF history, and
Members will be glad to hear that the main panel features a Harrier.
Pictures by many famous aviation artists, such as Frank Wootton, David
Shepherd and Michael Turner, are on display and many are of famous
Hawker types, the most recent acquisition showing a Harrier GR9 over
Kandahar airfield. On the ground floor gallery was the Camm bust, below
it the information panel about Camm's career and the aircraft designed
by him or under his direction, and above it the Hurricane painting. The
whole is in an alcove with the Mitchell display which concentrates only
on the Spitfire whereas the Camm display lists his 48 types (from
Woodcock to Harrier I, of which some 26,500 examples were built) with
photographs of eight of the most famous.
After a drink in the
spacious bar and an excellent sandwich lunch in the "Hodges Room",
Ambrose told the story of the Camm bust. Firstly a small scale nine
inch fired clay 'maquette' was made by Ambrose using
photographs, some
of which were from the Brooklands Museum. This was submitted to the RAF
Club arts committee who gave the go-ahead. Ambrose then set about the
full scale bust building it up with clay over a wire 'armature'. At the
Windsor memorial service to Sir Sydney his granddaughter, Liz Dixon,
agreed to visit Ambrose's studio to see the work in progress. Initially
sceptical she warmed to the project and helped with family photographs
and useful comments. On completion of the clay model a bronze was cast
using the lost wax process.
At the foundry the clay original
was covered with latex rubber in two halves so the join was down the
sides. On removal the two halves of the female rubber mould were
reunited and molten wax poured in. The mould was rotated to
give a
constant wall thickness of wax, the rubber peeled off and the wax
effigy fettled and cleaned. The wax effigy was then sprayed with a
ceramic mixture which, when hard, was heated and the wax poured out, or
'lost'. This mould then had to divided into a number sections depending
on the size; in this case four. Molten bronze was poured into the
suitably vented moulds and the resulting castings welded together.
After fettling the complete bronze was patinated with acid to give the
required colour. Liz Dixon was very happy with the result and later
unveiled the bust at the RAF Club on 27 February 2007. (See Newsletter
16).