Peter Hickman
looks back to his time at Langley when he was an Engineering
Apprentice...
In March 1951 I
was working at Richmond Road on the first two production Sea Hawks,
WF143 and 144. It was a frantic time since the Company was gearing up
for Hunter production with the installation of the wing jigs and it had
been decided to limit Sea Hawk build to twelve aircraft before moving
the programme to Armstrong Whitworth, a sister Hawker Siddeley company,
at Bitteswell.
Two things stand
out for me: the mismatch of the rear fuselage to the centre section,
and the engine installation. Unlike the Hunter, the Sea Hawk rear and
centre fuselages were united by many 1/4" bolts but unfortunately the
first assembly didn't work because one draughtsman had drawn one frame
to the inside skin line whilst another had drawn the adjoining frame to
the outside skin line.
Hawkers In
The 1950s Part 1 - To Langley
The next problem was the engine installation. The Nene was
mounted on a
three point fixing; one on each side with the third underneath. The
engine was lowered onto the side fixings and then rotated to match the
lower attachment point. I have a vision of Wally Rayner and Bob Seth,
the Rolls-Royce representative, lying on the floor under the fuselage
lambasting eachother because they couldn't get the nut on. Of course we
were all standing around the aircraft cheering them on.
At this
time I called into the Apprentice Supervisor's Office. Mr Barton said
they needed a "good lad" at Langley because the bad winter weather had
waterlogged the airfield creating a backlog of production Sea Furies.
He advised that I was initially to work in the flight sheds and that
the works transport from Canbury Park Road left at 7.00 am! I knew
where Langley was because the previous year a group of lads had been
taken there by Charles Plantin and Derek Thomas to carry out structural
testing in the Sea Hawk. The problem for me was that it already took me
an hour to get from my home in Wallington to Kingston by public
transport as I didn't drive or have a car. Fortunately I remembered
that in 1950 Engineering Apprentices had been classified as staff so
Barton agreed that I could use the 8.00 am staff coach; so a two hour
journey each way was to be my lot for the next sixteen months.
Duvalls of Kingston provided the very comfortable coaches to
transport
us to the airfield. The route was via Hampton Wick, Feltham (where we
picked up an AID inspector, 'Dolly' Gray), the Green Man pub and the
KLG factory on the A30 at Hatton Cross, along a country road on the
eastern edge of a much smaller Heathrow to join the A4 at Harlington
Corner, then down the A4 towards Slough and up Sutton Lane to the
airfield. The car park was at the Northeast corner which meant we had
to walk through two rows of hangars to get to our workplace. Ford's
occupied the first row where they were assembling tractors, and it
wasn't long before they banned us from walking inside which meant that,
in inclement weather, we could get very wet.
On my first day I
reported to Charlie Ayers who was responsible for the outside work on
the flight line. We were based on the ground floor of the control tower
where we had a crew room. Here we stored the parachutes and starter
cartridges, and an aircraft status board identified the aircraft. The
pilots would ring down to establish which aircraft were available,
nominate one and ask for their parachute to be installed. Neville Duke
had just been appointed Chief Test Pilot and his colleagues were Frank
Murphy and Frank Bullen. A fourth pilot, ES Morell, had left the
Company and would shortly be replaced by Bill Bedford.
Taking
the parachute, five starter cartridges and a screwdriver the ground
crew man would go out to the Sea Fury, place the parachute in the
cockpit on the seat, undo the Dzus fastener securing the Koffman
starter access flap, insert the cartridge, secure the flap and wait for
the pilot. (One day I managed to drop a cartridge into the engine bay.
That meant undoing the lower cowling and retrieving the item, all under
the eye of an inspector who had to certify that the aircraft was once
again safe; I wasn't very popular). With the pilot installed the other
fitter and myself would stand at each wingtip and signal that all was
clear to start up. At the end of his engine checks the pilot would
signal removal of chocks which were specially made of steel and were a
good fit to the tyres. To prevent chock slippage, during the fairly
rigorous engine test, 'U' shaped steel pins were located on the front
of the chocks and fitted into tubes set in the tarmac. Also, the
tailwheel was held down by two 1" diameter manila ropes that were
secured to bars also set in the tarmac. When the pilot signalled
'chocks away' the first job was to undo the tailwheel ropes
which were
often soaked in water and oil making the work more difficult. Next, to
the mainwheels to withdraw the pins and remove the chocks. Sometimes
the aircraft had crept forward causing the chock to bite into the pin.
Signalling the pilot to ease back on the throttle we would then try to
push the aircraft backwards. We then tried to lift the pins from the
side otherwise there was a danger of falling backwards into the
propeller. The situation was more difficult if drop tanks were fitted
and when Service pilots were collecting new aircraft.
When a Sea
Fury had been stored overnight the first morning job was to turn over
by hand the Bristol Centaurus radial engine two complete revolutions to
clear any oil build up in the lower cylinders. My job was to slip a
canvas bag with a long rope attached over a propeller blade then stand
back whilst two other fitters pulled on the rope to move the blade
through 72 degrees (the propeller had five blades). I then put the bag
on the next blade and the exercise was repeated until the two
revolutions had been completed. The bag procedure was introduced after
an engine fired while two fitters were pushing and pulling directly on
a blade; one was killed, the other seriously injured.
We also
had three Napier Sabre powered Tempest TT5 target tugs in from RAF
Germany for modifications. The method of chocking and tailwheel
constraint was the same as that for the Sea Fury although the
mainwheels were further apart requiring alternative pin locations. Our
real concern was always on start-up. If the engine failed to start on
the first cartridge there was likelihood of a fire in the chin mounted
oil cooler due to excess fuel leaking from the engine. We had to
stand-by with a fire extinguisher ready to spray into the radiator
housing containing the oil cooler. Then, of course, the flight was
cancelled and a big clean-up took place. The usual pilot for these
Tempest flights was Frank Murphy who had many hours on-type during
World War 2.
One afternoon a
Tempest was prepared for flight by
Frank. He came out to the aircraft closely followed by 'Dolly' Gray the
Ministry AID inspector. They were arguing furiously but Frank carried
on and climbed into the cockpit. Checks done he started up and waved
for the chocks to be removed. Gray now set off back to the
hangar
whilst we fitters, one on each wing tip, marshalled the aircraft. To
our surprise Frank kept taxying forward after Gray and then quickly
turned the aircraft through 180 deg with us desperately trying to keep
up with the wing tips. Then a quick burst of throttle helped Gray on
his way, fortunately without injury, and Frank set off across the
airfield to his take-off point. We never got to the bottom of this
incident.
Arriving one morning
at the control tower I was told
to get out to the flight line and board the Company Rapide for a test
flight; I was regarded as ballast! The pilot was Frank Murphy and we
duly set off for the take-off point where we waited for clearance from
Heathrow. All Langley flying required their permission as their main
runway was E-W whilst Langley's grass strip was basically NE-SW. A TWA
Constellation cleared the airspace and we took off, surprisingly still
encountering a bit of turbulence from the Connie. We headed to Windsor
Castle where Frank did two, fairly low, complete circuits of the round
tower before setting off for White Waltham. Tests complete we arrived
back at Langley where Frank decided to 'beat-up' the flight line at
about 130 mph before a steep climb and landing. Then, it was back to
work!
(To be continued)