Chris Farara reports on the visit
A group of Members was invited to visit Claremont
House on 31st
October following the mounting of an exhibition there during national
Heritage day in September when the House was open to the public. The
exhibition, prepared by David Hassard and colleagues from the Kingston
Aviation Centenary Project, covered the residence at Claremont by
Sydney Camm and Hawker’s Design Department during World War 2. The
house is now the Claremont Fan Court School whose new science and
technology building is named after Sir Sydney Camm
The tour of the house was conducted by Pamela Rider,
herself a
pupil at the school in the 1960s and now the school archivist. We
visitors were taken throughout the building starting with an unusual
feature, a tunnel used in the past for bringing stores and provisions
into the house; in fact a large tradesman’s entrance. During the tour
we were given a detailed and fascinating history of the house by Pamela.
In 1708 Sir John Vanbrugh, the Restoration
playwright and
architect, built himself a small house. In 1714 he sold the house to a
wealthy Whig politician, the Earl of Clare, who became Duke of
Newcastle and served twice as Prime Minister. He commissioned Vanbrugh
to add two great wings to the house. The Earl named his country seat
Clare-mount, later contracted to Claremont.
When the Duke of Newcastle died in 1768, his widow
sold the estate to Robert Clive, founder of the British Indian Empire,
who decided to demolish the house and commission "Capability" Brown to
build a fashionable Palladian mansion. Brown, more landscape designer
than architect, took on his future son-in-law Henry Holland to assist
him. John Soane, later Sir John Soane, worked on the interiors which
were strongly influenced by work of Robert Adam. Clive, by now very
wealthy, is reputed to have spent over £100,000 on rebuilding the
house. Sadly he died in 1774, the year that the house was finished.
The estate was sold to a succession of owners until,
in 1816, Claremont was bought by the British Nation as a wedding
present for George IV's daughter, Princess Charlotte, and her husband,
Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg. Princess Charlotte, who was second in
line to the throne and very popular with the people, died there
following two miscarriages, after giving birth to a stillborn son.
Leopold retained ownership of Claremont until he died in 1865 after he
had left in 1831 to become the first King of the Belgians.
Queen Victoria was frequently at Claremont as a
child and later as an adult when her uncle Leopold lent her the house.
She, in turn, lent it, after the revolution of 1848, to the exiled
French king and queen, Louis-Philippe and Marie-Amelie, the
parents-in-law of Leopold. The exiled king died at Claremont in
1850.Victoria bought the house for her fourth and youngest son, Prince
Leopold, Duke of Albany, when he married Princess Helena of Waldeck and
Pyrmont in 1882. The Duke and Duchess of Albany had two children, Alice
and Charles. In 1900, the latter became the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and a
German citizen.
During the First World War Claremont was used as a
convalescent home for Officers and from 1916 it was let to a girls'
school in Leatherhead. Claremont should have passed to the Duke of
Albany on his mother's death but because he had served as a German
general in the First World War the British government disallowed the
inheritance. Claremont was accordingly confiscated and sold by the
Public Trustee to shipping magnate Sir William Corry, director of the
Cunard Line. Two years after Sir William's death in 1926, it was bought
by Eugen Speyer a wealthy German financier.
In 1930 the Mansion stood empty and was marked for
demolition when it was bought by the Governors of a south London
Christian Science school becoming Claremont School. In 1978 it
amalgamated with Fan Court School of Chertsey. In spite of its many
owners and occupiers the interior architectural details, ceilings,
fireplaces and sculptures are in remarkably good condition.
The visitors were then welcomed by Jane Jenkins to
the very impressive, beautifully designed and built Sir Sydney Camm
science and technology building. Its modern architectural style, both
inside and out, complements perfectly the Grade 1 listed Palladian
mansion housing the main school. Almost complete, the classrooms,
laboratories and workshops are equipped to a very high standard.
Finally, over tea and biscuits, the Association visitors could chat to
their guides, Pamela and Jane, thanking them sincerely for a most
interesting and fascinating visit.