Brian Buss remembers his often frustrating 13 months in the Hawker Experimental Drawing Office (DO) at Canbury Park Road in the time of the P.1121...
I found the train journey to Kingston via Clapham Junction took about
an hour and a quarter which I imagined would not be pleasant at times
and later I was proved to be right. I reported on January 1st 1957 to
Frank Cross’s office and was joined by Digger Fairey who was the senior
section leader in the Experimental DO. At first they did not know
whether I should be placed on the design of the variable wedge intake
to the single DH Gyron 27,000 lb thrust engine of the P.1121 Mach 2.2
interceptor fighter, or on the design of its 69 degree swept fin. I was
very pleased when they settled on the fin as the intake looked
extremely complicated.
I was allocated a drawing board and table immediately inside the DO
in line with those of Digger Fairey and Jack Simmonds overlooking the
whole of the DO engaged on the design of the P.1121. Digger’s section
had designed the main centre fuselage now under construction at the
Richmond Road site, some two miles away. Jack was responsible for the
cockpit and forward fuselage design. In this respect I was astounded
to see articles and photos being used as a design guide depicting
cockpit details of Convair’s two fighters, the F-102 Delta Dart and the
F-106 Delta Dagger, both of which were flying at the time.
There were at least two other section leaders in the
same DO that I recall: Derek Campbell responsible for the wing design
and Ben Capper in charge of electrical systems. There were others on
the floor below, one of which was Roy Slade in charge of powered
controls who I had to deal with as the fin housed the rudder actuators.
Digger Fairey’s section was then designing the rear
area ruled fuselage with some difficulty. Very little room remained for
the rear frames between the outer skin and the large tailpipe of the
Gyron with its afterburner. In places the frame depth could barely
exceed four inches. I do not recall whether this situation demanded the
use of titanium for it was decided from the outset to use this material
for the first time at Hawker. Titanium was known to be lighter and
stronger than aluminium but few UK aircraft companies had experience in
working with it. Consequently it was found that working practices had
to be drastically changed and much experimentation and testing were
undertaken at a very late stage in the construction of this prototype.
My concern of course was the design of the fin spars where they
attached to the rear fuselage frames.
To a large extent the basic design of the fin was
determined for me. Production of high tensile steel in the UK was at
that time limited and directed to military projects on a priority
basis. As the P.1121 was a PV (private venture or company funded)
project supplies of this type of steel had to be sought elsewhere. A
Belgian supplier had been found but to have the material when
construction commenced the order had to be placed some 15 months in
advance. Hence someone had to estimate the size and shape of the
various forgings well before the fin was designed in any degree of
detail. Forgings were required to ensure the grain of the material
flowed in the correct directions to gain maximum strength and to avoid
the onset of cracks.
So one day I was presented with drawings of three
huge steel forgings which I had to incorporate in my design. Digger
Fairey had made the initial estimate for placing the order and although
some detail difficulties arose a design evolved in which all could be
used. For the first two months or more my section consisted of one,
myself, although others joining me at this stage would not have helped.
Much of the basic layout had to be schemed and initial stressing
carried out by Rob Robbins, a member of the Stress Office allocated to
the fin.
My first week or two in the DO was, however,
somewhat hectic. In the first two or three days I downed tools at the
correct time and was away to catch my train. Shortly after I was called
into the office by the Assistant Chief Draughtsman, Harry Tuffen. I was
asked why I was not working overtime. My answer was because nobody had
informed me it was expected. Most staff was said to work an additional
hour on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. I said I could not make one
as I went to night school but would stay the other two, for no payment
of course as I was salaried. After staying for a week or two I found
that nobody really worked. Frank Cross was rarely to be seen, Harry
Tuffen read the evening newspaper the whole time, others read books or
technical magazines and some disappeared.; so I decided not to continue
to stay on. Again I was called into the office but this time I gave my
reason and said if everybody worked the additional hour I would stay
on. Dear Harry was flabbergasted, and that was the end of my
overtime. To be continued